How Forests Think Towards An Anthropology Beyond The...

How Forests Think: Towards An Anthropology Beyond the Human by Eduardo Kohn and Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies by Bruno Latour have an interesting dichotomy between what is considered alive (referred to by Kohn as a â€Å"self† and an â€Å"actant† for Latour), and what is not. It is important to note that Latour did not specifically refer to actants as being alive but they have agency, and this term is used in a similar manner to Kohn’s concept of selves. Through this essay, I will review both books and each author’s understanding of the concept of life. For Kohn, the boundaries of what is considered alive are limited to humans, animals, and organic matter. However, for Latour, we see a different, more developed understanding of the concept of life that incorporates essentially everything. By way of overview, Kohn’s How Forests Think: Towards An Anthropology Beyond the Human is an attempt to move beyond the limited cultural lens of the ethnographer (the outsider), in which one could only describe the Runa’s understanding from afar while struggling to be among the Runa people. This piece is not just an ethnographic description of the Runa, which can oftentimes be ingenuous in nature, but an approach that allows the reader to see this group of people as Kohn has come to see them. However, throughout the book Kohn tends to fluctuate in his tone between acting as being an insider and describing this group as an ethnographer. Most importantly, from this

Minimum Wage And The Great Depression Essay - 2018 Words

Between the year of nineteen twenty-nine and nineteen thirty-nine, The United States went through one of the worst economic downturn’s known as the Great Depression. The effects of the Great Depression caused many economic problems which sent wall street into a chaos. Ever since then Poverty has struck many middle and poor class families for years. Over time it has separated many families and caused those who are less fortunate to drain the wealthy. The minimum wage was created to keep many lives going. Although this is the case, minimum wage does not keep many people afloat, it has proven to be an issue and these wages need to be increased. Increasing minimum wage would increase economic activity, reduce poverty, and reduce government welfare spending. Fixing all of these will positively increase the economy and resolve our countries resounding debt. The minimum wage was first introduced in 1894 by New Zealand, and it covered all businesses and all industries across the entire country.† (BeBusinssed) Right before it became a big hit with many other countries, it was also started in Australia â€Å"where at the time it was only covering six industries that were notorious for paying low minimum wage.† (BeBusinessed) Over time by 1902 it grew to cover 150 industries. After being used by many other countries, the United States started their own minimum wage, the first minimum wage was introduced by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1938. At this time Minimum wage was set atShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage During The Great Depression1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Minimum Wage Battle In the United States, the minimum wage was passed during the Great Depression in 1938 to protect the buying power of normal workers in a period in which the â€Å"unemployment rate was still a very high 19 percent† (Sklar, 2009, p. 1). Since that time, there has been significant debate about the controversial topic of raising the federal minimum wage. The federal minimum wage law was created to eliminate unfair practices of sweat shops and manufacturing companies during this timeRead MoreThe Minimum Wage During The Great Depression1229 Words   |  5 Pages Since the beginning of minimum wage during the Great Depression, the discussion of the how much minimum wage should be has always been occurring. Currently there is a strong push for the minimum wage to be raised, especially as Americans compare the current American rate to other countries’ rates. The New York Times recently reported that unionized Danish fast-food workers are paid more than twice as much as the average fast-food worker in America, and the Danish workers also receive benefitsRead MoreIncrease Minimum Wage During The Great Depression1834 Words   |  8 PagesIncrease Minimum Wage After the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed approximately 121 bills into law. One of these bills included the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 which would ban oppressive child labor, set the maximum workweek at 44 hours and finally, set the minimum hourly wage at 25 cents. President Roosevelt believed that it was the government’s duty to protect against â€Å"starvation wages and intolerable hours† (Grossman). Today, we still follow the principles that PresidentRead MoreEssay on Minimum Wage is The Bare Minimum1018 Words   |  5 PagesMinimum Wage: The Bare Minimum They work hard every day; they stock our store shelves, wash dishes at our restaurants, clean our offices at night, care for our kids during the day...They have in common the minimum wage. And they need a raise, and as you saw, they deserve a raise (Clinton). President Clinton made this speech on the south lawn of the White House at 10:30 a.m. on the 8th of March 2000. He argued for the minimum wage hike to go into effect. He argued for the populationRead More The Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Depression and Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal During the 1930s, America witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. The economic depression that beset the United States and other countries was unique in its severity and its consequences. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job. The great industrial slump continued throughout the 1930s, shaking theRead MoreHistory Repeats Itself, A Fight For Fair Wage1178 Words   |  5 Pageshigher wages. In the beginning of the NRA, Roosevelt promulgated a President’s Re-employment Agreement. Employers signed more than 2.3 million agreements, covering 16.3 million employees. Employers agreed to a 35-40 hour workweek, with a minimum wage of $12 to $15 per week. In turn, businesses who signed the agreement displayed a blue eagle over the motto â€Å"We do our part.† Therefore, Patriotic Americans would buy only from â€Å"Blue Eagle†. As a result, the economy would recover from the â€Å"Great Depression†Read MoreReview Of Bill Moyers s Two American Families 1110 Words   |  5 Pagesimplications are minimum wage, health care, the foreclosure crisis, and debt dependency. In this essay, I will go into in more details about those main factors that both two American families suffered from the series of economic depression. The most obvious main factor of policy implication that affects both families dramatically is the policy around minimum wage. According to the documentary, it depicted that minimum wage was first enacted in the 1930’s after the Great Depression when the countryRead MoreJohn Keynes And Friedrich Hayek901 Words   |  4 Pagesof the most influential economic minds of the 20th century. Each of these men’s ideas had a great impact on the economy of numerous countries and helped countries find economic success different times. Keynes and Hayek had opposite ideas on what created a working economy that would be successful and avoid economical depressions like that of the United States great depression and the European depressions that resulted from the two World Wars. Keynes believes that the best way to maintain a strongRead MoreTaking Sides : Clashing Views Of United States History By Madaras, Larry And James Sorelle973 Words   |  4 Pageswhether the new deal prolonged the great depression. The great depression refers to an era in US history, which happened from 1929 to 1941 during president Franklin Delano Roosevelt era, and it made the US citizens face economic hard times. The great depression era had much overproduction, inequality in wealth distribution and over borrowing. Consequently, the president implemented the new deal with the aim of saving American citizens from the great depression. However, people had different feelingsRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of The Minimum Wage1282 Words   |  6 PagesMinimum Wage Should the government raise minimum wage? Should the government lower or keep the current minimum wage? Minimum wage is a very controversial topic when it is discussed between all parties. For those arguing for minimum wage increase believe that it will bring people living below the poverty line above it. Former President Obama stated, â€Å" no one working forty hours deserves to be living in poverty.† For those arguing against the raise on minimum wage believe that it has more negative

Black English Free Essays

â€Å"Pink is No Longer the New Black† Jonathan Swift said, â€Å"Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style† What is the true definition of style? When one is asked, one may say it is what you wear. In other circumstances, style may be referred to music, or film and television. Style is also literature and linguistics. We will write a custom essay sample on Black English or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout the generations, style has been altered; Cut trimmed and filed down until the original style is far away in the crevices of your mind. Fashion has erupted from something that was once soft and elegant, to now being loud, flashy, and revealing. Language has become something different entirely. In today’s language, â€Å"Black English† is present in our everyday lives. There are various reasons why we speak a certain way. In today’s world, we are always searching for easier ways to do things, we are constantly trying to fit in and do what everyone else is doing, and no matter what, we always do what we are surrounded with. The world is forever changing. We are always searching for ways to make everyday tasks easier. People used to walk everywhere, so the bike was invented. Riding a bike everywhere was difficult, so the car was invented. Technology is also forever changing to make things easier. From typewriters, to laptops and ipads, phones so you don’t even need a computer anymore. It is forever changing, but as the language changes with it, it does not mean that it is a good thing. â€Å"Black English† seems lazy in a way. The way people used to talk was thick and luscious. Now, â€Å"black English† has made words short and choppy. Instead of saying, â€Å"I am not going to do anything† many people say â€Å"I ain’t gonna do nothin. It is easier to say, but it does not necessarily mean that it sounds intelligent. Society makes us feel like in order to fit in, we have to look and act like everyone else. If an actor starts to dress a certain way, then everyone else wants to look like that actor too. The same goes with language. If a music artist starts to talk and say words a certain way in a song, it starts to catch on. Then a chain starts to form. If one person begins to talk and hang around a group of people who are speaking â€Å"Black English† then that person will begin to speak like them as well. In a world where society is in charge, fitting in is the only way. Psychologists say that we do what our parents do. Technically we â€Å"become† our parents as we grow up. If our parents are racist, then we too will be racist. If you grow up in the South and your parents have a western accent, then you will have that accent as well. As a child, if your parents use â€Å"Black English† then you will too because it is all you have ever known. â€Å"Black English† is in our everyday lives, and if you surround yourself with the language then you will start speaking that way too. Although â€Å"Black English† is present everywhere we go, it does not necessarily mean it is a good thing. In most cases it can make you sound uneducated and there are specific times when you should, and should not use it. In your home, or with friends is one thing, but in writing an essay for example, you should avoid it at all costs. The world is forever changing, language especially. The language style changes all the time. People are constantly making up new words and adding new meanings to the words that are not as commonly used. In the literary world, â€Å"Black English† has become the â€Å"new black. † How to cite Black English, Essay examples

Management Accounting Research Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Accounting Research. Answer: Introduction Theaccounting professionals are nowadays emphasising more on conducting researches related to management accounting for introducing some new concepts into the field. In this context, the present essay emphasizes on the current themes developed in themanagement accounting research that are leading to the future growth and development of the field. Management Accounting Research Management accounting is the vast topic and it is surrounded by the various issues that managers have to face while working in business environment. The business environment is changing very frequently due to change in the customer demand, brand image, customer perception, customer values and manner of consumption. Managers have now have to think far beyond the expectations of the customers in order to reach somewhere to their demand. It is the main reason why the contemporary issues have now been major part of the management accounting in this modern era. Managers have to frequently adapt themselves to these changes so to take the business at another level as compare to other competitors (Baldvinsdottir, Mitchell and Nrreklit, 2010). Competition is regarded as major issues for every organization as there are manifold players in each and every industry. To survive and grow in the modern environment enterprises have to be cost conscious and their need to be take better decision as com pare to the other entities. So it can be said that for making the better decisions there is need to make adequate and timely information. The information is generated in the business process but there is need to put cost techniques in order to collect the information. There are many cost techniques that support the managers to make proper decisions such as activity based costing, kaizen costing, just in time costing, and life cycle costing etc. Technique is something that needs to be adopted at the perfect time and make use of it to change in operation process so that better qualitative products can be delivered (Parker, 2012). The managementaccounting field involves the process of identifying, interpreting and communicating the financial results obtained to the different departments of a business entity. Thus, it involves providing timely information to the managers reading the financial condition of a business entity to support their strategic-decision making process. However, with the recent development in the field of management accounting now it does communicate both financial and non-financial performance of an entity (Shields, 2015). The business entities are developing and preparing their sustainable reports for communicating the non-financial information such as social, economic and environmental to its different stakeholders. This is done for improving the transparency in business operations by promoting its sustainable image in the mind of its different stakeholders such as society and government. This is causing the need for the management accounting professionals to develop and implement the us e of both financial and non-financial performance measurements techniques for effective decision-making process. The management accounting researchers as such are presently focusing on gathering knowledge regarding the need of including non-financial performance measurement technique in management accounting to meet both operational and strategic objectives of an entity (Sunarni, 2013). The business managers incorporate the use of managerial accounting for making strategic decisions driving long-term growth and development of their organizations. The managerial accounting information helps to a large extent to the management for identifying the areas where the investment needs to be done for achieving better outcomes such as improving marketing tactics. However, the accuracy of the information received from the managerial accounting practices depends on the calculative methods used for measuring the costs associated with operational activities of businesses (Shields, 2015). The accounting managers are largely integrating the use of innovative information technology and devices for processing of accounting information. The management accounting was used in past decades by the business managers only for assessing the operational costs and making decisions related to sales. The increasing complexity in business environment is causing the organizations to achieve a comp etitive advantage in the market place. As such, the businesses need rapid process of accounting information for making critical decisions relating to their sustainable growth and development (Modell, 2010). The increasing globalization and complexity in the business world is causing the development of new management accounting techniques for meeting the needs and demands of changing market economy. The development of latest computer technology and devices that supports the decision-making process of organizations has significantly influenced the managerial accounting practices. As such, the professional accountants are required to possess new skill and capabilities in order to cope up with the current themes developed in management accounting. This is essential to appropriately use the current technological devices for adequate processing of managerial accounting information. The accuracy and reliability of managerial accounting information is required for reducing the labor costs, improving the production process, minimizing the operational costs and thus improving the business profitability (Goddard, 2010). Thus, field of management accounting is undergoing rapid changes due to techno logical advances that need to be encountered by the business appropriately. In addition to this, the introduction of practices such as budgeting, performance measurement systems and strategic cost management have also brought large-scale change sin the management accounting field. The most important strategic cost management method evolved is activity-based costing that is used by the managers in business organizations for identifying and assessing indirect costs such as overhead. The researchers in the accounting field should emphasize on the role of ABC costing in managerial accounting practices for identifying and measuring the indirect costs related with business operations. The use of such costing method is proving to be largely helpful for the managers for making strategic decisions reading the expenses to be incurred in developing its products and services (Lukka and Modell, 2010). The strategic role of management accounting has been evolved with the introduction of new concepts in the accounting field. For example, the accounting system adopted by Russia has undergone a major transformation with the introduction of tax accounting system. As such, the financial facts and figures presented in the tax accounting system should not integrate with the financial statements. Thus, there has been an increasing need for managerial accounting practices to shift its focus to strategic support from its basic reporting rule (Lebedev, 2014). The changing focus of managerial accounting practices from its traditional reporting role to a strategic role can be described through the use of contract theory. The contract theory has been largely used by the accounting researchers for developing an insight into the role of managerial accounting systems. The contract theory argues that business entities have a contract with all of its stakeholders and the field of accounting plays lar ge role in implementing and enforcing this contract. The accounting department of an organization should hold the responsibility of monitoring and controlling the financial information required by the end-users. Thus, it fulfill the contract of all the stakeholders by meeting their needs and requirements through developing and providing them the necessary financial information. The contract model of accounting has played a central role in evolving the economical role of management accounting through satisfying the various needs and demands of various participants of a market economy (Bhimani, 2006). The need of management accounting arises in a business organizations for adequately communicate its financial performance to the internal users. The information recued through the use of managerial accounting practices helped in aligning the operational cots with the operational processes. Thus, it plays an important role in developing budgets, costs and profitability of various internal departments of an organization. Therefore, there has been large-scale development in the field of management accounting for adequately addressing the different challenges of contemporary business world (Breur and Manciu, 2013). In addition to this, the contemporary business issues such as developing competitiveness in the market is causing the need of making effective strategic decision regarding the sustainable growth and development. The management accounting professionals therefore need to interpret effectively the wide range of information before providing recommendations to the management in dev eloping a strategic action plan for the pursuit of corporate goals and objectives. The various accounting theories such as agency, stakeholder and stewardship theory can largely help in developing the field of management accounting research (Ahid and Augustine 2012). Conclusion It can be inferred from the overall discussion held in the easy that the field of management accounting is undergoing huge growth with the development of contemporary business issues. The management accounting professionals need to incorporate the new business themes in the respective field so that it effectively meets the business needs and demands. The changing business environment is causing the need for accounting professional to research and develop new managerial accounting practices that fits well in the present complex business environment. References Ahid, M. and Augustine, A. 2012. The Roles and Responsibilities of Management Accountants in the Era of Globalization. Global Journal of Management and Business Research 12(15). Baldvinsdottir, G., Mitchell, F. and Nrreklit, H. 2010. Issues in the relationship between theory and practice in management accounting. Management Accounting Research21, 79-82. Bhimani, A. 2006. Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting. Oxford University Press. Breur, A and Manciu, A. 2013. The Role of Management Accounting In the Decision Making Process: Case Study Cara? Severin County. Management Accounting research 15(2), 355-366. Goddard, A. 2010. Contemporary public sector accounting research An international comparison of journal papers. The British Accounting Review 42, 75-87. Lebedev, P. 2014. Evolution of management accounting concept in Russia: in a search of identity. Social and Behavioral Sciences 156, 580 584. Lukka, K. and Modell, S. 2010. Validation in interpretive management accounting research.Accounting, Organizations and Society35, 462-477. Modell, S. 2010. Bridging the paradigm divide in management accounting research: The role of mixed methods approaches.Management Accounting Research21, 124129. Parker, L.D. 2012. Qualitative management accounting research: Assessing deliverables and relevance.Critical Perspectives on Accounting23, 5470. Shields, M. D. 2015. Established management accounting knowledge. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 27(1), 123-132. Sunarni, C.W. 2013. Management Accounting Practices and the Role of Management Accountant: Evidence from Manufacturing Companies throughout Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. 2(2), 616-626.